Every claim on this site traces back to published literature. This page is that trail, organized by compound, with the landmark studies behind each cluster.
This index reflects the published literature and is provided for research and educational reference. Nothing here is a claim that any compound treats, cures, or prevents any condition. Several compounds referenced are approved or investigational drugs, cited as scientific literature only.
Compound Index
** New compounds are added weekly. Grades are re-reviewed when the literature changes; every change is logged in Corrections & Updates.
Landmark Studies by Mechanism
1. Gastric & Tissue Regeneration Factors — BPC-157
Chang, C.-H., et al. (2011). Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(3), 774–780. · Seiwerth, S., et al. (2021). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 627533. · Sikiric, P., et al. (2003). Inflammopharmacology, 11(5), 455–467.
2. ECM & Genomic Modulators — GHK-Cu, Ac-SDKP
Pickart, L., et al. (2015). BioMed Research International, 2015, 1–7. · Peng, H., et al. (2003). Hypertension, 42(6), 1164–1170.
3. G-Actin Sequestration & Cell Migration — TB-500 / Thymosin β4
Nguyen, M. T., et al. (2023). Cells, 12(21), 2523. · Sosne, G., et al. (2015). Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 15(sup1), S123–S128. · Philp, D., et al. (2003). Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 124(1), 125–129.
4. Epithelial Growth & Mucosal Barrier — KGF/KGF-2 (Palifermin)
Spielberger, R., et al. (2004). NEJM, 351(25), 2590–2598. · Finch, P. W., & Rubin, J. S. (2004). Journal of Facial Plastic Surgery, 6(1), 21–28.
5. Host Defense & Neurovascular Signaling — LL-37, KPV, Substance P, Thymosin α-1
Grönberg, A., et al. (2014). Wound Repair and Regeneration, 22(5), 613–621. · Yamada, M., et al. (2008). Cornea, 27, S24–S30.
6. Integrin-Binding & Microvascular Mimetics — QK, RGD-Motif, SIKVAV/IKVAV
D’Andrea, L. D., et al. (2005). PNAS, 102(40), 14215–14220. · Silva, G. A., et al. (2004). Science, 303(5662), 1357–1361.
7. Gap-Junction & Growth Factor Therapeutics — αCT1, TP508, Becaplermin
Ghatnekar, G. S., et al. (2015). Regenerative Medicine, 10(1), 11–23. · Smiell, J. M., et al. (1999). Wound Repair and Regeneration, 7(5), 335–346.
8. Myostatin Blocks & Somatotropic Secretagogues — ACE-031, Follistatin, CJC-1295, Sermorelin, Tesamorelin, Ipamorelin, GHRP-2/6, Hexarelin
Attie, K. M., et al. (2013). Muscle & Nerve, 47(3), 416–423. · Falutz, J., et al. (2010). JAMA, 303(21), 2141–2148. · Teichman, S. L., et al. (2006). JCEM, 91(3), 799–805.
9. Splice Variants & Insulin-Like Growth Dynamics — IGF-1, IGF-1 LR3, IGF-1 DES(1-3), MGF, PEG-MGF
Goldspink, G. (2005). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 142(1-2), 44–48. · Tomas, F. M., et al. (1993). Journal of Endocrinology, 137(3), 413–421.
10. Mitochondrial Respiration & Metabolic Switch Agents — MOTS-c, SS-31, 5-Amino-1MQ, Humanin, BAIBA, Epitalon
Lee, C., et al. (2015). Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443–454. · Szeto, H. H. (2014). Future Medicinal Chemistry, 6(12), 1363–1381. · Neelakantan, H., et al. (2018). Biochemical Pharmacology, 147, 141–152.
Regulatory note: SS-31 (elamipretide) is FDA-approved (Forzinity, September 2025) for Barth syndrome. Cited here as literature only — not sold by Agape Compounds as a research compound.
11. Longevity, Sarcopenia & Myokine Rescues — α-Klotho, Osteocalcin, Irisin, Apelin, FOXO4-DRI
Baar, M. P., et al. (2017). Cell, 169(1), 132–147. · Boström, P., et al. (2012). Nature, 481(7382), 463–468. · Vinel, C., et al. (2018). Nature Medicine, 24(12), 1860–1871.
12. Metabolic & Incretin Receptor Agonists — Retatrutide, Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Survodutide, Cagrilintide, Liraglutide
Jastreboff, A. M., et al. (2023). NEJM, 389(6), 514–526. · Jastreboff, A. M., et al. (2022). NEJM, 387(3), 205–216. · Wilding, J. P. H., et al. (2021). NEJM, 384(11), 989–1002.
Regulatory note: every compound in this cluster is either FDA-approved (tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide) or an investigational new drug (retatrutide, survodutide, cagrilintide). None are sold by Agape Compounds as research-use products; cited as clinical literature only.
13. Cognitive & Neurotrophic Peptides — Semax, Selank, Dihexa, Cerebrolysin, DSIP
Dolotov, O. V., et al. (2006). Brain Research, 1117(1), 54–60. · McCoy, A. T., et al. (2013). J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 344(1), 141–154. · Muresanu, D. F., et al. (2016). Stroke, 47(1), 151–159.
14. Immune & Thymic Peptides — Thymosin Alpha-1, Thymalin, Thymogen
King, R., & Tuthill, C. (2016). Vitamins and Hormones, 102, 151–178.
15. Longevity & Bioregulator Peptides — Epitalon, Pinealon, Vilon, Vesugen
Khavinson, V. Kh., et al. (2003). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 135(6), 590–592.
16. Melanocortin & Sexual-Health Peptides — Bremelanotide (PT-141), Melanotan I, Melanotan II
Kingsberg, S. A., et al. (2019). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 134(5), 899–908.
Regulatory note: bremelanotide (Vyleesi) and Melanotan I (afamelanotide/Scenesse) are both FDA-approved medications for specific narrow indications. Cited here as literature only.
Peptide Briefs 